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Setting the biological clock - the use of light in Health and Care
Even though we consider ourselves modern people, our brains are really not that up to date. We are still biological creatures, affected by the shifts in nature - something that is very apparent in the Health and Care sector.
Apart from its central role in vision itself, light is important for many physiological and psychological processes for us humans. It can improve concentration, affect our mood and our biological functions. In healthcare, light is especially important. Optimal use of natural and artificial light can be vital since light has a direct impact on the health of patients and staff. Here are some examples on how awareness of our innate biological clock can ease the care situation for patients.
MIMICKING THE SUN
Independent studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between daylight and our sense of well-being. Light has a positive effect on the human body and controls essential processes. Lack of daylight for long periods of time causes sleep problems, because the production of sleep hormone melatonin and stress hormone cortisol is disrupted. These hormones control the circadian rhythm, and lighting concepts that are in harmony with our internal clock support our well-being.
Patients that are admitted to care for a longer period of time might lose track of the natural rhythm of the day. Therefore an adaption of the artificial light, to mimic the natural daylight, helps the brain to set the biological clock. Our circadian rhythm is controlled by the light’s intensity and spectral composition – where the blue part of the spectrum plays the biggest role. During the afternoon and evening, the light levels are reduced and the light becomes warmer. The lighting follows recommendations for light that supports the circadian rhythm and prepares the body for the night by permitting melatonin production.
LIVING IN A TIMELESS LIMBO
Another group of care recipients that experience trouble keeping track of the day are dementia patients. Dementia is not a normal part of aging. It is caused by damage to brain cells that affects their ability to communicate, which can affect thinking, behaviour and feelings. And though most people with Alzheimer’s are 65 and older, it can also affect younger people.
A common symptom of dementia in general is a constant wandering, during the day as well as the nights. Since these patients don’t receive enough sleep, they are often more agitated during the day and experience more noticeable mood swings. According to the UK Alzheimer’s association, several studies has shown that bright light therapy can help balance the mood for the Alzheimer patient (see below for references). By regularly sitting under a bright light lamp of 10,000 lux, or brighter, it helps reset the brain. This is best done in the morning, shortly after waking, for 15 to 30 minutes. Many who utilize bright light therapy adapt it in the morning routine buy sitting under the bright light it when they watch television or enjoy breakfast.
NOTHING BUT MAMMALS
The reason this can all work, and ease the care situation for the different patients, is purely biological. The human brain needs the stimulation of daylight to produce the different hormones needed during the day. The circularity of the day is an innate part of our life, and we are programmed since many thousands of years to adapt our body after the shifting of the daylight. By regulating the natural circadian rhythm you can balance your mood, improve the overall well-being and also get a better sleep.
This is also helpful if you feel affected by the darker seasons of the year. Catching the sunbeams outdoor during the day might help you in the same way. The human brain is still adapting to the modern technological society. Give it some natural enlightenment on the way.
TEXT MARIA VÅRENIUS
PHOTO SOFIA SABEL, MASKOT
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Lighting First Aid for the TikTok-generation
When lighting expert Shelley James realized how lockdown affects the wellbeing of kids and teenagers, she was shocked. Now she is joining forces with Fagerhult to improve the light health of the TikTok-generation. Nieces halo and amity are two of the most important people in Dr Shelley James’ life. ”They’re such an inspiration to me”, she laughs.With a PhD from the Royal College of Art and as an international expert on light and well-being (you might have seen her appearing on the award-winning BBC series ”Innovations that Changed the World” and on the webinar series the Neuroscience of Light) Shelley James has in-depth knowledge of how light affects our well-being through life. With her cheerful nieces around she has developed a deep commitment to improve the light health of teenagers. ”The adolescent brain is going through the most amazing process and it cannot be compared to the brain of a grown up. The connections between different parts of the brain are going through profound change, which is key to their health and happiness into adulthood and beyond. This, along with the rapid changes in their physical bodies, means that they need an hour more sleep than a ten year old”, Shelley James explains. ”In fact, the teenager’s circadian rhythm is running two hours late compared to an adult. That means that a 7am wake-up call for an adult feels like 5am for an adolescent. Might be good to know if you have teenagers around…” Img 1 ALARMING SITUATION This said, the access to daylight and high-quality artificial light at the right time of day – with the right colour and in the right amount – is crucial for the health of teenagers always. In times of lockdown Shelley James finds the situation alarming. Homeschooling has resulted in wrecked routines and young people spending their days in their rooms with drawn blinds in front of a computer screen. Many of them do not go outside for long periods, meaning they are not getting any daylight at all. ”When lockdown came, I saw how young people around me were living in dark rooms and working in weak flickering light on the kitchen table. I was shocked by how little they knew about how their bodies and minds were affected by this.” The common denominator between the rise in myopia, obesity, depression and learning difficulties among young people is the lack of good lighting, concludes Shelley James. ”We are already seeing problems with kids not getting enough sleep. When your body clock is not working properly it leads to struggles with obesity, mental health and concentration problems.” SIMPLE SOLUTIONS The good news is, that this can all be easily prevented, if only the teenagers themselves (and okay, their parents and teachers as well) had some basic lighting knowledge. It’s really simple, she says. ”Did you, for example, know that you don’t have to wear glasses just because your parents did? If you spend time outdoors, getting enough daylight when growing up, you can reduce the risk of ending up wearing glasses by up to 40 percent.” Another fun fact that teenagers would benefit from knowing is that you can actually boost your brain with 20 percent higher learning capacity – just by switching of lights and screens and go to bed at the proper hour. ”In 2021, lighting is quite different than in it used to be. I think it’s a wonderful thing that development in the electronics has reduced a lot of the flicker – and tunable light is opening the door to different light colours to improve our well-being”, says Shelley James. To take advantage of all opportunities offered, we have to raise the awareness among teenagers, their parents and scholars. And, maybe most important of all: we have to suggest practical solutions that are easy to understand and act upon. Img 2 THE BIRTH OF LUNA GOLIGHTLY Said and done. After teaming up with some of the leading researchers and manufacturers within the lighting field, Shelley James launched the Luna Project of which Fagerhult is a very proud sponsor. Her idea is to address teenagers directly, helping them to gain insights and take actions to improve their health and wellbeing. And of course she turned to beloved nieces Halo and Amity for advice. ”Teenagers are amazing, thoughtful, lively people with loads of intelligence. They easily absorb this kind of knowledge, but we have to understand that this is the TikTok-generation, and they do not respond to traditional tutorials. They do want information but they don’t want to feel like they are being ‘taught’”, she muses. Based on this insight ”Luna Golightly and the Fireflies” was born. 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The scientist interviews can also be used to introduce different topics and activities if you want to deepen the discussion when teaching or talking with your kids, explains Shelley James, admitting that Luna is a passion project of hers. ”As adults we are the guardians of these young minds – and they are growing up really fast! For all of us that are passionate about light and lighting I think this is a no-brainer. No matter if you’re a lighting specialist, a specifier or a buyer – first and foremost, we are all mothers and fathers, grandparents or uncles – and of course, aunts. It is time for us to remember who we are doing this for. Img 3 SOME FACTS ABOUT DR SHELLEY JAMES DR Shelley James is the founder of Age of Light Innovation.She holds a PhD from the Royal College of Art and is an international expert on light and well-being. Current clients include Glaxo Smithkline, The Royal Society of British Sculptors and Bristol University. 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Lifelong learning - a journey throughout life
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School comprises extremely important preparation for lifelong learning. This is where we’re given the tools which enable us to continue our personal development in later life. Lifelong learning is also a hot topic internationally. Lifelong learning is included in the EU strategy for education and training until 2020, which “focuses on lifelong learning and mobility, the quality and efficiency of education, equality, and innovation”. The UN also underlines the importance of not neglecting our personal development. In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a decision on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in connection with its work on Agenda 2030. Goal 4 has a clear focus on education, wherein society shall “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. Img 1 NEW TECHNOLOGY – NEW DEMANDS Historically, we have acquired our education at an early age, and we have then relied on that education throughout our working lives, perhaps with the odd course now and then. Today, we need to change this static view of learning. To develop, and remain a fully fledged member of contemporary society, we need to integrate continuous learning with everyday life. The technological developments seen in society drive our needs, and we need to update our skills to keep up. Consider, for example, learning how to use Zoom or a digital ID. We need to embrace new technologies and learn new things at all ages. – What’s new is that today lifelong learning is so clearly associated with higher education, says Bjursell. Interest in vocational courses is also increasing, a result of the increasing need for education across the board. Furthermore, research has shown that the higher your level of education, the easier it is to benefit from new courses. 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