The three basic types of lighting
Explore how light shapes perception and enhances design through Richard Kelly’s visionary principles. Ambient luminescence, Focal glow, and Play of brilliants continues to guide lighting design, blending art and science to create meaningful and inspiring spaces.
Richard Kelly and the Psychology of Light
Richard Kelly revolutionised architectural lighting design with his 1952 essay “Light as an Integral Part of Architecture.” He introduced three fundamental lighting principles – ambient luminescence, focal glow, and play of brilliants – shifting the conversation from technical precision to human experience. His principles prioritised lighting’s emotional and psychological impact, inspiring designers to create spaces that balance utility, beauty, and human connection.
Ambient luminescence
Ambient luminescence creates a comfortable and welcoming atmosphere by providing soft, shadow-free light that ensures everything in the space is visible without drawing attention to specific details. This general lighting is evenly distributed, offering a sense of calm and uniformity. While it may seem purely functional, ambient luminescence lays the foundation for a layered lighting design, ensuring the space is evenly illuminated and ready for the addition of more dynamic and expressive lighting elements.
Focal glow
While ambient luminescence lays the foundation for evenly illuminated spaces, focal glow takes lighting to the next level by creating emphasis and contrast. This lighting technique is highly intentional, designed to direct attention and shape the narrative that the designer wants to convey.
Play of brilliants
The final principle in Richard Kelly’s lighting philosophy is the play of brilliants. Historically, this effect was achieved using candlelight, chandeliers, or reflective materials. Today, modern lighting technology offers countless possibilities to create captivating brilliance that adds depth and energy to a space.